@article {5519,
	title = {Comparing Two Instruments of Transformational Leadership},
	journal = {Central European Management Journal},
	volume = {28},
	year = {2020},
	month = {2020},
	pages = {2-31},
	abstract = {Purpose: To compare two transformational leadership instruments, Bass{\textquoteright}s Full Range Leadership Model and its instrument Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire with the Transformational Leadership Scale proposed by Rafferty and Griffin (2004), using empirical evidence from a single sample.

Methodology: The sample includes participants from different levels of the Estonian Defence Forces{\textquoteright} military hierarchy (N = 2570). The structures of the Transformational Leadership Scale and Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire were examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, while other methods were used to compare the two instruments.

Findings: The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire is statistically significantly better at predicting outcome variables like satisfaction with leader, effectiveness, and extra effort; however, the Transformational Leadership Scale did predict outcome variables at a sufficient level.

Research \& Practical Limitations/Implications: The current research contributes to the validation of the Transformational Leadership Scale proposed by Rafferty and Griffin (2004). The results indicated that the Transformational Leadership Scale is a valuable research tool to study transformational leadership; however, some subscales require further development. Moreover, we may conclude that there is a difference between subsamples {\textendash} e.g. between commanders and conscripts {\textendash} that describe outcome variables using the Transformational Leadership Scale as a transformational leadership instrument.

Originality/value: There is very limited research that compares different transformational leadership instruments.},
	issn = {2658-0845 },
	doi = {10.7206/cemj.2658-0845.13},
	author = {Kasemaa, Antek and Suviste, Reelika}
}
