@article {7565,
	title = {The Limits of ne bis in idem in Administrative Matters},
	journal = {Krytyka Prawa. Niezale{\.z}ne Studia nad Prawem},
	volume = {17},
	year = {2025},
	month = {5/2025},
	pages = {7-21},
	abstract = {The study deals with the appearance of ne bis in idem in administrative cases, focusing on the cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union. It focuses on newly emerging cases which do not contain an explicit criminal law element and thus have had to decide on the multiple application of sanctions of an administrative nature. It also refers to the Strasbourg Court{\textquoteright}s practice on criminal charges and ne bis in idem, since the key issue for the applicability of the ne bis in idem principle is whether the sanction can be considered criminal in nature. The Engel criteria were used to determine this, which provided sufficient guidance in the initial period, but later cases began to apply a much more complex set of criteria. The paper presents the trends in the EU in the field of multiple administrative sanctions, its twists and turns and the issues raised in the application of the principle from an administrative perspective.},
	issn = {2080-1084},
	doi = {10.7206/kp.2080-1084.770}
}
