This monograph shares the latest empirical insights and knowledge about attitudes towards open innovations, as well as drivers and barriers of open innovation collaboration from the perspective of the Polish and knowledge-intensive SMEs sector. The introduction is followed by a presentation of the theoretical and conceptual framework of the open innovation paradigm, open innovation ecosystem and its major dimensions. The next section focuses on the specific features of high-tech and knowledge-intensive SMEs and their innovative collaboration with key stakeholders (with firms, academia, public authorities, end users etc.) as well as the problem of knowledge sharing. Section three presents the dynamics, structure and development of the selected R&D and knowledge-intensive industries in Poland. It introduces the specifics of four selected sectors: biotechnological and pharmaceutical sectors, electronics and computer industries, the chemical industry, as well as the media, publishing and printing industries, from the global perspective as well as that of the Polish market perspectives. Finally, chapter four presents the results of the research survey conducted on the Polish market. It provides insights on major drivers and barriers of open innovation in a high and medium-high tech SMEs, as well as the description of attitudes, behaviours and experiences observed in this group of entrepreneurs. The monograph ends with conclusions and policy implications.